There's a wide range of substances that can have various effects. They can be broadly categorized with unique properties and consequences.
Depressants
Depressants, also known as sedatives, are drugs that slow down the central nervous system. They have a calming and relaxing effect and are often prescribed to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Some common examples of depressants include benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax, Valium), barbiturates, and certain sleep medications. When used, these drugs can lead to decreased blood pressure and heart rate, and in extreme cases, respiratory depression.
Stimulants
Stimulants rev up the central nervous system, leading to increased alertness, energy, and a sense of euphoria. Popular stimulants include amphetamines (e.g., Adderall), methamphetamine (meth), and cocaine. They can raise blood pressure and heart rate, and chronic use can have serious health consequences, including cardiovascular issues and mental health problems.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens profoundly alter perception, thoughts, and feelings, often causing vivid hallucinations. One of the most famous hallucinogens is LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), which can lead to intense visual and sensory experiences. Another well-known hallucinogenic substance is magic mushrooms (containing psilocybin). They can have unpredictable effects on mental health and may exacerbate underlying mental health conditions.
Opioids
Opioids are powerful pain relievers derived from the opium poppy plant. Common opioids include oxycodone, codeine, and fentanyl. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, reducing pain perception, but they can also induce a sense of euphoria. Opioid abuse has led to a devastating epidemic of dependence and overdose deaths in recent years.
Cannabis
Cannabis, often referred to as marijuana or weed, is a psychoactive drug that has gained increasing acceptance for both medical and recreational use in recent years. Its effects can vary widely, from relaxation and heightened sensory perception to anxiety and impaired coordination. Long-term cannabis use may affect mental health, particularly in susceptible individuals.
Inhalants
Inhalants encompass a wide range of volatile substances that produce chemical vapors that can be inhaled to induce a psychoactive, often euphoric, effect. These substances can include household items like paint thinner and aerosol sprays. Inhalant use can have serious and immediate health risks, including damage to the brain, liver, kidneys, and other vital organs.
MDMA
MDMA, also known as ecstasy or "Molly," is a synthetic drug that combines stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. It is often associated with use in party or club settings due to its capacity to enhance mood and social interaction. However, misuse can lead to dehydration, overheating, and serotonin depletion, affecting mental health.
Methadone and Methamphetamine
Methadone is a medication used to treat opioid dependence by reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Methamphetamine, on the other hand, is a powerful stimulant commonly referred to as "meth." Both substances have significant potential for use and dependence, with long-term use adversely impacting physical and mental health.
Ketamine
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in medical settings but is also used recreationally for its hallucinogenic properties. Its effects can include altered perception of time and space, detachment from the body, and vivid hallucinations. Long-term misuse can harm mental health and lead to a condition known as "Ketamine bladder syndrome.”
So, Big Pharma is spending billions of dollars on advertising on TV and everywhere else to tell us to "ask your doctor" about blah blah blah. The messages are loaded with warnings and mostly formulaic with occasional lame music and dancing with presumed happy users. Below is a partial list of drugs I've noted in the last few weeks. (I don't think any doctor can answer all these question.)
Jardiance (Diabetes), Lybalkvi (scitzophrenic "push back"), Rinvoq (UC), Entresto (Heart Failure), Skyrizi (Chrone's D), Rexulti (anti depression), Caplyta (Bi Polar), Otezla (Psoriasis), Ozempic (type 2 Diabetes), Paxlovid (Covid), Ultomiris (Myasthenia Gravis), Nyvgart (ask your neurologist), Tremfaya (Arthritis), Mavyret (Hep C), Zeposia (UC), Rybelsus (type 2 Diabetes), Qulipa (Migraine), Vraylar (depression), Cosentyx (crone's ask your dermatologist), Entyvio (releif/remission of...), Kesimpta (RMS), KisQali (Breast Cancer), Cemtesa (over active bladder), Shingrix (Shingles), Quvinviq (fall asleep), Vervenio, Trulicity (type 2 Diabetes), Dupixent (Eczema), Austedo, Kisquali.